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performace report of Telefon Tel Aviv shows at Eldorado Dome Bandung around January 2008

CHAPTER I

Introduction

Every man in the world needs art in order to make him/her complete. There are three life elements that make a man complete: Logic, Ethics and Aesthetics. According to Parker “art is expression; and expression we may describe, for our own ends, as the putting forth of purpose, feeling, or thought into a sensuous medium, where they can be experienced again by the one who expresses himself and communicated to others.” Music is one of art form.

Since music take in element Aesthetic area it’s very clear that human being cannot be separated from music. According to wikipedia “Music is a contested evaluation of what constitutes music and varies through history, geography, and within societies.” According to Congreve (1679:1 cited from Rachmawati 2005:1) “Music has charms to soothe a savage beast, to soften rocks, or to bend a knotted oak.” Music gives a spectacular benefit not only to a Man but also to a Nature. Music can soften and make nature more beauty. In addition, music is the tool of communication; it also can influence physic and psychology aspects. Diserens (Rachmawati:2005) states that “Music can improve body metabolism; change the pressure of muscle; influence respiration, blood, and pulse pressure; and also can improve physiology aspects in order to produce a different kind of emotion”.

Electronic music refers to music that emphasizes the use of electronic musical instruments or electronic music technology as a central aspect of the sound of the music. Historically, electronic music was considered to be any music created with the use of electronic musical instruments or electronic processing. However, in modern times, that distinction has been lost because almost all recorded music today, and the majority of live music performances, depends on extensive use of electronics. Today, the term electronic music serves to differentiate music that uses electronics as its focal point or inspiration, from music that uses electronics mainly in service of creating an intended production that may have some electronic elements in the sound but does not focus upon them.

Contemporary electronic music expresses both art music forms including electronic art music, experimental music, musique concrète, and others; and popular music forms including multiple styles of dance music such as techno, house, trance, electro, breakbeat, drum and bass, industrial music, synth pop, etc.

Based on above elaboration, in this sight seeing report paper, I would like to review the performance of an electronic duo from US, Telefon tel Aviv, in the Oz anniversary celebration event entitled “electronic synchronizer”. This event was held on Saturday, December 22nd, 2007 in The Venue Concert Hall Eldorado, Bandung.  

CHAPTER II

DESCRIPTION

When I found out that Telefon Tel Aviv was visiting Indonesia, I felt very enthusiastic. I had been (or maybe I am still) their fan. I listened to their albums—Fahrenheit Fair Enough and Map of What is Effortless—intensively in the early of 2002. For the last few years I have never listened to Telefon Tel Aviv anymore, because they didn’t release new materials. Only, in 2007, they released a remix album. However, it wasn’t their material, but a compilation of other musicians’ materials remixed by them. For a while, I imagined that the Telefon Tel Aviv performance in Indonesia would not be crowded by audience. It was because, as far as I assume, their music wasn’t very popular in Indonesia. Based on their music genre, which produces down tempo beats, the ideal condition to enjoy their music is on a small stage with not-so-crowded audience, in order to create more relaxing and intimate atmosphere, in accordance to their music mood.

However, all of the images were vanished when I found out that Telefon Tel Aviv was not the only one who performed in OZ anniversary—entitled Electro Synchronizer. The last performance was more like a music festival with two separate stages and several food and drink stands surrounding the stages. It was quite disappointing when I found that Telefon Tel Aviv was performing with local DJs who performed different genre and, certainly, have different fans. Well, for this one, I cannot put all the blame to the organizers, if their purpose was indeed to attract many audiences, since it was an anniversary occasion.

The point is, it was very crowded in The Venue, Lembang, last Saturday night. Many people from out of town attended the occasion. It was also rumored that there are audiences from Singapore and Malaysia. On one hand, I was happy to see many old friends. It was more like a reunion. On the other hand, I wasn’t very comfortable to see that many people came with their own purposes. Perhaps, it was because I frequently get anxious when I see too many people in an occasion.

Based on my analysis, if I’m allowed to, there were two groups of people who attended the performance. The first were people who did intend to enjoy Telefon Tel Aviv’s music and nervously expecting whether their favorite songs would be played or not. Or, at least they who have heard a little about Telefon Tel Aviv but haven’t listened to their music. The second were people who wanted to enjoy night life and dance to the music. Perhaps, this kind of people also thought that Telefon Tel Aviv could make them dance. The only commonness from these two groups (based on my analysis), perhaps, was some of them wanted to enjoy the performance of the local bands before Telefon Tel Aviv. Some of the performers before Telefon Tel Aviv got big applauses from the audiences. On the out door stage, I had a chance to watch Agrikultur’s performance when their lead singer was singing at a stage pole. I also had an opportunity to enjoy Soul Delay’s performance, whose music, more or less, have something in common to Telefon Tel Aviv’s. On the indoor stage, I had a chance to see Santamonica who played well fully equipped with their visuals, and RNRM who covered a Telefon Tel Aviv’s song. 

Then we came to the top of the show. Charles Cooper and Joshua Eustis were ready behind their equipments. One by one, the songs was played. The first group of people perhaps asked themselves: which albums were they playing? While the second group was also wondering why do the songs cannot make them dance. Perhaps, few audiences from the second forced themselves to dance to the music beats. One of them is a model and a movie star, Maria Agnes who stood in front of me. She didn’t stop rocking her body and shutting her eyes, showing that she really enjoyed the music. In the middle of the performance, a man suddenly climbed up the stage and danced alone. Maybe he wanted to persuade other audiences to be more expressive in enjoying Telefon Tel Aviv’s music, or maybe he had a problem. Along the performance, Joshua and Charlie said not many words. In the middle of the performance, Joshua told the audience that he had a problem with the drum machine. Due to the problem, they canceled to play several songs from the two previous albums. They only played one or two songs from the previous albums. The rest of the songs they played were about to compiled in their next album. Even though, I gave my salute to them. With the limitedness, they consisted to perform their best. The most important thing is, they consisted to continue their performance, and decided not to stop in the middle of the show.

However, when I met Joshua and Charlie at the backstage after the performance, they seemed disappointed. When I came to them, they were discussing about the malfunctioned drum machine in the middle of the performance. They admitted that they had to improvise a lot since the technical problem. Moreover, they regretfully said that they could not play some of the songs from their previous albums. I could only say, “There will be other chances for you to perform in Indonesia and repay the last performance.

CHAPTER III

DISCUSION

In this chapter I will discus about the show comprehensively based on the theory of Aesthetic Character Experience of Beardsley. The character of aesthetic Experience:

1. Object directedness. A willingly accepted guidance over the succession of one’s mental states by phenomenally objective properties (qualities and relations) of a perceptual or intentional field on which attention is fixed with feeling that’s thing are working or have worked themselves out fittingly.    

As an audience, personally, I attend the event to satisfy my curiosity of the Telefon Tel Aviv’s performance. It was because watching electronic duo from overseas, especially from USA, is a rare opportunity. However, I could not hide my disappointment because they couldn’t play my favorite song, John Thomas from Fahrenheit Fair Enough (released in 2001), due to the drum machine malfunction. Many people who attended the event thought that Telefon Tel Aviv’s music is energetic dance music. However, Telefon Tel Aviv music is more like an experimental music with slow tempo. The main power of their music is more emphasized on the microsound effect.

2. Felt freedom. A sense of release from dominance of some antecedent concerns about past and future, a relaxation and sense of harmony with what is presented or semantically invoked by it or implicitly by it, so that what comes has the air of having been freely chosen.

I could not sense the freedom when I watch the performance of Telefon Tel Aviv. It was because they performed new songs that will be compiled in their next album, instead of performing the songs from the previous album. They canceled to perform two songs from their previous album due the malfunctioned drum machine. I felt more freedom when I watch rock n roll mafia because I like their new album a lot. They performed several songs, such as “Translove” and “Zsa Zsa Zsu”, quite well with several looping improvisations from electronic equipments such as groove box, synthesizer and vocoder. Their performance really made my mood turned on. Since their performance was stunning I still can sense the euphoria.

3. Detached affect. A sense that the objects on which interest is concentrated are set a little at a distance emotionally—a certain detachment of affect, so that even when we are confronted with dark and terrible things, and feel them sharply, they do not oppress but make us aware of our power to rise above them.

In the event, I could release my emotion freely by singing, screaming, and applauding their performance. I could feel my mood rising positively.

4. Active discovery. A sense of actively exercising constructive powers of the mind, of being challenged by a variety of potentially conflicting stimuli to try to make them cohere; a keyed-up state amounting to exhilaration in seeing connections between percepts and between meanings, a sense (which may be illusory) of intelligibility.

Even though Telefon Tel Aviv was performing well, I could not sense the active discovery because they played new songs which I haven’t heard before. I felt a stronger active discovery feeling in rock n roll mafia performance. In addition to my familiarity to the song (Zsa Zsa Zsu), I think that most of the lyrics express my lovelife story. The story of happiness that came from sadness is packed in a middle tempo. The minor chord at the intro, bridge and interlude symbolizes sadness, however the mood rises when the song hits the reff, expressed by major chords.  

5. Wholeness. A sense of integration as a person, of being restored to wholeness from distracting and disruptive influences (but by inclusive synthesis as well as by exclusion), and corresponding contentment, even through disturbing feelings, that involves self acceptance and self-expansion.

Since my main purpose was to satisfy curiosity, I could not sense the wholeness, a feeling that a person could accept himself/ self in appreciating performance. Mainly, it was because my disappointment to the technical problem when Telefon Tel Aviv performed.    

CONCLUSION

In general, The performance of the main musicians is not as good as its expected. In addition to they played new song the technical problem such as malfunctioned equipments is quite disturbing. However, as far as I assume, The Event organizer—OZ 103.1 FM Radio—did a great job with the location selection, the sound system and especially the lighting. The almost entire wall were covered by lighting bulbs.

References

Smith, Ralph A and Simpson A. 1991. Aestethic and Arts Education, University of Illinois Press.  

Rachmawati, Yeni. 2005. Musik Sebagai Bentuk Budi Pekerti. Yogyakarta, jalasutra.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_music

accesed on February 13^th 2008

www.deathrockstar.tk

accesed on February 13^th 2008

APENDICES

Soul Delay

Santa Monica

Agriculture

Rock N Roll Mafia

E45 and Tyo Nugros

Telefon Tel Aviv

Audiences

haha iseng ajah bikin ini..silahkan mencoba...

How to Make a Special-delicious Fruit Pancake



If we see a picture above, we can imagine how delicious the pancake is, hmmmm yummy. Actually, it is quite simple to make such pancake. First we just need some kitchen tools and few easy-to-find ingredients. For kitchen tools, basically you just need a large bowl for the dough, a good stirring spoon and a pan. We will make a pancake with 30cm diameter pan. It’s enough to satisfy two persons. The ingredients are:
1. Tapioca Flour
2. 3 eggs
3. sugar
4. milk
5. Other additional, such as applemus (apple sauce) and strawberry, but you can change with other fruit depend on your taste.
How to make the dough? Firstly, break the eggs and put them on the bowl. Secondly, shake the eggs with the stirring spoon. Thirdly, add sugar approximately 5 table spoons and followed by adding the tapioca flour as you like but not too much, stir it well. Then add some milk until the dough seems thick and stir it well again.
Next step is fry the dough. Start with melting some butter on the hot pan. Make sure the butter spread well on the pan. And pour the dough to the hot pan then spread the dough to all directions until it covers the pan. After the color turns brown in several minutes, flip the dough up side down and wait for other several minute until it’s evenly browned. Remove the cooked dough to the beautiful plate. The special-delicious pancake is almost done.
Finally we come to last session, How to serve this special-delicious fruit pancake. Pour the applemus on the top of the pancake then put strawberry above it. And voila! The special-delicious pancake ready is ready to be eaten.

this is abstract of my final paper in English Literature Department

ABSTRACT


This study is entitled: Students’ Translation in Translating Abstracts

This study is aimed at analyzing five students’ abstracts in translating the Indonesian version into English. This study used qualitative approach. The data for the study were collected through document analysis. Each document was analyzed based on grammar classifications, grammatical mistakes, and translation methods used. They then were tabulated. Grammar classifications and grammatical mistakes were analyzed based on Azar (1998), Baron (2000), and Murcia (1989), and theories of translation method were from Newmark (1988).

This study found that most of the students make mistakes in subject-verb agreement and subject. Meanwhile, the method used by most of them is literal translation. Moreover, their target translation is fully influenced by their source language structure pattern.

Based on the findings as aforementioned, it is concluded that grammatical mistakes may be caused by lack understanding and skills of English grammar, and lack of training and practices.

this is abstract of my final paper in business administration department

ABSTRACT

This research aims at finding out how big segmenting, targeting and positioning strategy influence a company performance based on balanced scorecard perspectives both partially and simultaneously. In addition, this research also aims at finding out an indirect influence of segmenting, targeting and positioning towards a company performance based on balanced scorecard perspectives.
The method applied in this research is explanatory survey; it is to explain causal relation and hypothesis test which have been formulated before. The data are collected through giving questionnaire are processed by path analysis. Hypothesis test used is test F and t.
The result shows that partially segmenting influence a company performance based on balanced scorecard perspective at α=5% for 16,3%, targeting for 39,5% and positioning for 26,5%. Simultaneously segmenting, targeting and positioning has an significant influence towards company performance based on balanced scorecard perspective at the level of α=5% for 81,4%.
The conclusion of this research shows that simultaneously, segmenting, targeting and positioning has an influence towards company performance based on balanced scorecard perspective. Whereas, partially, targeting gives bigger influence towards company performance based on balanced scorecard perspectives rather than segmenting and positioning.

IMPLEMENTASI CORWD MARKETING PADA UMKM

Hal yang membuat perhatian saya tertarik dimana pakar marketing yuswohady dari markplus.inc menulis buku tentang crowd marketing. Buku tersebut memaparkan bagaimana strategi pemasaran pada era informasi ini yang intinya adalah word of mouth marketing atau pemasaran dari mulut ke mulut baik online maupun offline. Menurut beliau word of mouth ini adalah strategi pemasaran yang paling efektif untuk sekarang dibandingkan dengan strategi lain dengan kata lain menggunakan prinsip “low budget, high impact”. Beliau mencontohkan perusahaan-perusahaan asing dan lokal yang berhasil meningkatkan penjualannya dengan strategi ini. Namu rata2 perusahaan tersebut adalah perusahaan-perusahaan yang besar asing sebut saja Microsoft, apple, dell computer, starbucks dan dalam negerinya adalah perusahaan sepeda polygon  Dengan strategi seperti itu penjualan produk akan meningkat pesat tanpa sang penjual bekerja keras. Menurut beliau “biarkan konsumen yang bekerja keras untuk memasarkan produk kita” ya tentu saja dengan citra yan positif. Bagai pedang bermata dua, apabila sang penjual tercitrakan negatif maka kecenderungannya adalah tingkat penjualannya menurun bahkan tidak akan laku alias gulung tikar. Rata-rata perusahaan asing besar tersebut memanfaatkan jaringan online untuk mendorong penjualannya melalui situs online namun untuk memekasimalkanya mereka memanfaatkan komunitas dunia nyata alias offline dengan mensponsori atau meng-endorse komunitas tersebut. Pada buku tersebut mencontohkan perusahaan sepeda polygon yang mensponsori kegiatan pada komunitas bike 2 work. Pada intinya si penjual mendekatkan diri atau berinteraksi dengan konsumen sehingga meningkatkan citra positif yang kuat di benak konsumen. Akibatnya adalah masing-masing dari mereka menceritakan kepada keluarga, teman, kolega tentang produk sepeda polygon dengan cara online maupun

Saya melihat para pelaku UMKM terutama pengusaha Mikro juga telah mengimplementasikan strategi ini namun lebih sederhana. Di daerah saya ada toko matrial baru dimana sempat diprotes oleh pengusaha sejenis sekitar karena dia berhasil menjadi leader market dengan menjalankan strategi pemasaran ini. Rata-rata konsumen toko matrial adalah para pemborong atau tukang bangunan yang bekerja independen yang kebanyakan membeli bahan matrial karena disuruh majikan. Nah tipe konsumen seperti ini dimanfaatkan oleh sang toko matrial tersebut untuk menjadi ambassador tokonya. Strateginya sederhana dengan memberikan cash back kepada setiap konsumen yang belanja lebih dari 100 ribu berupa uang bagi yang tidak merokok. Para konsumen tersebut mendapatkan jumlah cash back tersebut bervariasi tergantung jumlah belanjaannya lebih banyak belanjaannya, lebih banyak juga cash back berupa rokok atau uang yang mereka dapatkan. Sebagai contoh apabila seorang konsumen berbelanja 100.000 sampai 250.000 mereka akan mendapatkan rokok sebanyak 2 bungkus atau uang sebanyak 20.000 dan otomatis apabila lebih dari itu maka mereka akan mendapatkan lebih. Akibat dari strategi pemasaran seperti itu para tukang saling menceritakan kepada tukang yang lain dengan tujuan demi membantu mendapatkan tambahan penghasilan kepada rekan sesama profesi. Alhasil loyalitas konsumen lama dan datangnya kosumen baru pun meningkat tajam, otomatis penjualan dari toko matrial tersebut pun meningkat drastis dan menjadi market leader di daerahnya.
Mari kita lihat dari sisi sang penjual. Apakah dengan menerapkan pola pemasaran seperti itu mereka mengalami minus marjin atau rugi? jawabannya adalah TIDAK. Mereka sudah mendapatkan selisih keuntungan dari setiap jenis barang yang terjual walaupun dengan jumlah yang sedikit. Peribahasa mengatakan “sedikit-sedikit akan menjadi bukit” itulah prinsip umum yang dipegang oleh toko matrial tersebut walaupun dapat keuntungan yang sedikit namun penjualan meningkat pesat dan cenderung akan menjadi market leader dalam waktu yang lama. Secara fisik terlhat perkembangan tersebut memiliki dua lahan kosong yang dijadikan gudang dengan bangunan semi permanen dan memiliki 1 unit mobil bak dan 2 unit mobil truck. Selain itu toko matrial tersebut selalu mendukung kegiatan keagamaan dan social, sebagai contoh menyumbang bahan bangunan untuk membangun atau merenovasi mesjid sekitar dan berbagai kegiatan didalamnya, memperbaiki jalan, sumbangan 17 Agustusan, dll.

Dengan demikian terbukti sudah strategi pemasaran Word of mouth marketing berhasil bukan saja pada perusahaan kelas besar namun pada UMKM seperti toko matrial tersebut. Apapun perusahaan atau usaha yang dijalankan apabila kita bisa memberikan nilai lebih kepada konsumen maka niscaya konsumen akan loyal akan bertambah dan penjualan pun akan meningkat.

Coorperate Social Responsibility

Coorperate Social Responsibility

HM Sampoerna dengan CSR-nya

R.o.k.o.k. Memang ironis ketika rokok yang jelas-jelas tidak berwawasan lingkungan menjadi bisnis terbesar di kancah internasional padahal banyak akibat buruk yang ditimbulkan oleh rokok. (bener ga?) Akhir-akhir ini isu tentang pemanasan global (global warming) kian ramai dibicarakan, banyak pihak yang sangat concern dalam menangani masalah ini karena akibatnya adalah kerusakan bumi dan otomatis pada kelangsungan hidup manusia juga dong!. Selain limbah industri, limbah dari emisi kendaraan bermotor, pengeksploitasian hutan secara besar-besaran, dan lain-lain, rokok adalah salah satu penyebab utama pemanasan global karena rokok juga sedikit banyak berperan menghasilkan karbondioksida (Co2) yang menghambat pantulan sinar matahari untuk keluar dari lapisan bumi. Akibatnya banyak bencana alam yang terjadi di berbagai belahan bumi karena perubahan iklim.

Sudah jelas bahwa akibat dari rokok dapat merusak kesehatan, seribu satu zat beracun terkandung dalam satu batang rokok. Bagaimanapun keadaannya, tidak merokok jelas lebih baik daripada merokok. Tar dan nikotin merupakan dua zat utama yang mempunyai sifat destruktif bagi orang yang mengisapnya. Jangankan penikmat rokok (perokok aktif), yang tidak merokok (perokok pasif) pun akan mendapat imbasnya bahkan lebih buruk. Selain itu Rokok juga menimbulkan ketergantungan bagi para penikmatnya karena rokok mengaktifkan sistem adrenergik pada bagian otak lokus sereleus yang mengeluarkan serotonin. Efek peningkatan serotonin ini menciptakan stimulus rasa senang sekaligus keinginan untuk mencari rokok lagi (SPAI: 2004). Menurut WHO rokok adalah penyebab utama kedua setelah kanker. Rokok juga akan menurunkan level produktivitas karena penyakit-penyakit yang ditimbulkannya sehingga pembangunan akan terhambat.

Pemerintah pun tidak tinggal diam dalam merespon hal ini. Terbukti dengan dikeluarkannya PP-No.81 Tahun 1999 tentang pengamanan rokok bagi kesehatan diatur dalam 5 (lima) hal pokok yaitu mengenai :

· Kadar kandungan nikotin dan tar

· Persyaratan produksi dan penjualan rokok

· Persyaratan iklan dan promosi rokok

· Penetapan kawasan bebas rokok

· Pengawasan

Perusahaan Produksi Rokok pun belakangan ini giat berbondong-bondong melakukan tanggung jawab sosial atau akrab disebut CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). Menurut informasi yang penulis dapatkan dari perkuliahan, CSR adalah segala bentuk upaya dari perusahaan melaksanakan kegiatan diluar hukum-hukum dan aturan-aturan yang berlaku. HM Sampoerna adalah salah satu perusahaan rokok yang melakukan CSR.

HM Sampoerna adalah perusahaan yang memproduksi rokok terbesar ketiga di Indonesia setelah Djarum dan Gudang garam (kompas, 31/07/07). Perusahaan rokok yang diakuisisi Philip Morris pada tahun 2006 itu memang bisa dibilang dermawan. Dengan Sampoerna Foundation-nya, dia loyal sekali memberikan berbagai batuan pada elemen-elemen masyarakat. Dua persen laba bersih perusahaan dihibahkan setiap tahun kepada Sampoerna Foundation. Menurut Sampoerna Foundation dalam situsnya, Sampoerna Foundation bertujuan memberi manfaat sebesar-besarnya kepada masyarakat luas, dengan meningkatkan sektor pendidikan di Indonesia, dan memberi peluang kepada generasi muda yang berprestasi akademik cemerlang namun membutuhkan dukungan finansial untuk melanjutkan studi. Walaupun demikian Sampoerna Foundation tidak mengaku sebagai bagian CSR dari HM Sampoerna. Hal tersebut dinyatakan sendiri oleh Sampoerna Foundation dalam situsnya, “Sampoerna Foundation adalah yayasan pendidikan nirlaba yang independen, bukan termasuk kegiatan Corporate Social Responsibility PT HM Sampoerna Tbk. Sampoerna Foundation tidak bekerja untuk memberi manfaat kepada suatu perusahaan atau individu tertentu”. In my opinion, apapun istilah yang dipakai oleh Sampoerna Foundation, kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilakukan olenya Sampoerna jelas mencerminkan CSR.

Lalu mengapa fenomena diatas bisa terjadi. Tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa Perusahaan Rokok dengan cukai-nya memberi kontribusi yang besar dalam hal pendapatan Negara. Menurut informasi yang penulis dapatkan dari situs hukumonline.com bahwa perkembangan realisasi cukai hasil tembakau terlihat mengalami kenaikan yang cukup signifikan dari tahun ke tahun dan perbandingannya dengan penerimaan cukai lainnya hampir mencapai tingkat rata-rata 94 % per tahun, sebagaimana terlihat dalam tabel di bawah ini.

Tabel 2

Perbandingan Cukai Hasil Tembakau dengan Cukai lainnya

TA.1990/1991 - 1999/2000

( dalam miliar rupiah )

Tahun Anggaran	Penerimaan Cukai HT	Lainnya	Jumlah	Peranan ( % )
1990/1991	1.713,8	86,0	1.799,8	95,2
1991/1992	1,703,3	211,7	1.915,0	88,9
1992/1993	2.116,4	125,2	2.241,6	94,4
1993/1994	2.470,4	155,4	2.625,8	94,0
1994/1995	2.965,3	190,9	3.156,2	93,9
1995/1996	3.467,9	138,2	3.605,1	96,1
1996/1997	4.066,3	198,3	4.264,6	95,3
1997/1998	4.909,1	193,8	5.102,9	96,2
1998/1999	7.483,1	259,1	7.742,2	96,6
1999/2000	10.113,3	285,2	10.398,0	97,2

Dari informasi diatas sudah sangat jelas walalupun rokok berakibat buruk bagi manusia secara holistik namun pada kenyataannya Perusahaan Rokok memang memberi kontribusi yang besar bagi pembangunan Negara. Selain itu juga dapat menyerap sekian juta tenaga kerja, menghidupi sekian juta keluarga.

Hal inilah yang menjadi penyebab mengapa Industri rokok masih dan akan terus eksis di kancah perekonomian Internationa. Hal ini tidak hanya terjadi di Indonesia tetapi semua Negara didunia. Namun apakah sepadan antara profit dan benefit yang didapat oleh pemerintah dengan dampak buruk sosial, ekonomi, budaya dan kesehatan??

MAKA NIKMAT TUHAN MANAKAH YANG KAU DUSTAKAN!

Oppression among juveniles

Oppression among juveniles

This is my research about how oppression is institutionalized.

I post it due to (prolly) there are some people especially for new commers who just found a new community (world). My suggetion is... take the substance of the topic. Just make it Easy On yourself lads! enjoy!

I. INTRODUCTION

This essay discuses about institutionalized oppression. First of all, I will explain about oppression in Indonesia. As a post-colonialism country, oppression in Indonesia is already in people’s blood. Based on historical fact, Dutch has colonized Indonesia for 350 year (1595-1945). In this term Dutch acted as the oppressor and people of Indonesia as the oppressed. They did the oppression in all way until Indonesian people were really suffered, depraved mentally, physically and psychologically. One of the inherited cultures from the colonialist is hierarchical culture, where people with power demand to be respected from people with no power. As a result, oppression has become a culture in social life, from a small group family to a big group government.

For generations, the oppression is maintained in Indonesia, particularly in many institutions, such as government, military and education institutions. University is one of education institutions which are vulnerable to oppression. Examples of oppressions in universities are lecturers to students, students to cleaning service, and senior students to junior students. In this essay, I focus on the last one, senior student(s) to junior student(s).

Along Indonesia education history during 1960s, hazing activities was known as MAPRAM. There are many victims at that time. Then, the 1971 Ministry of Education and Culture Decree was constituted as a response to eliminate MAPRAM and change it by Pekan Orientasi Studi (POS). Despite the decree, the oppression was still continued. Once again, POS was changed to Orientasi Siswa (OS) and later in 1990s there’s a new name called Orientasi Siswa dan Pengenalan Kampus (OSPEK) until now (Forum UI, August 4^th 2007 ).

Senior students (oppressor) conduct the oppression to new students (oppressed) through hazing activities. Senior student group makes programs such as Orientasi Kampus (OK) which held by each faculty and Pengenalan kampus (PEKA) which held by each department. There are many ways in doing the oppression - assigning new student to do physical activity such as push up, slapping new student when they make mistakes are included to physical oppression, yelling in high tone with sarcastic language is included to psychological oppression.

This essay focuses on how oppression is institutionalized in universities. The machine engineering department UPI is chosen as the object of research because they have a strong tradition in oppression and are known as the hardest among other department in UPI in conducting hazing activities. A small scale survey has been conducted to gain data from the students about the issue.

In order to gain data, a close-ended questionnaire, consists of 10 questions and has been distributed to 20 students of machine engineering department. The questions are utilized to ask their opinion about hazing activities in their department. The respondents were students from the class of 2003, 2004, 2005 because they have experienced hazing activities both as seniors and new students.

II. LITERARY REVIEW

Since there various definitions of oppression and institutionalized in different context, there has to be a limitation concerning to the terms of “oppression” and “institutionalized”. According to Sherover-Marcuse (2000),

“Oppression is the systematic and insidious mistreatment of individuals on the basis of their membership in various groups, which are disadvantaged by the institutionalized imbalances in social power in a particular society”

Oppression happens in a community/ group because there’s a superior side and inferior side. Superior side is a group who has more power to control than others. While inferior side is a group who has less power than superior group. There are two types of power, first is tangible power, usually in physic such as money, machine, vehicle, etc. Second is intangible power, usually in soft skill, such as interpersonal skill, adaptation skill, organizational skill, etc. Superior side is the oppressor and inferior side is the oppressed. Oppressor and oppressed can be individual (personal) or groups (more than 2 person). In this case seniors act as Oppressor and new students act as oppressed (victim).

Moreover, the systematic and insidious mistreatment is the same as with the hazing activities that contains belittling, denial, or disgraces the new students’ value as humans. Such dehumanization can be in form of physical mistreatment, e.g. assigning new student to do physical activity such as push up, slapping new student when they make mistakes are included to physical oppression. Yelling in high tone with sarcastic language is included to psychological oppression. Thus, such physical and mental mistreatment can be categorized as oppression.

The main focus of this essay is how oppression is institutionalized. According to WordWeb dictionary, Institutionalized is: Given a character of an institution or incorporated into a structured and usually well-established system. If we talk about a variable institutionalized as a conditions, it means some conditions when a community/ group try to make a perpetual condition in for a long period, in the other words is tradition, without any significant changes from the community/group and unopposed by people who are the targeted group.

Hence, in order to maintain the tradition, the oppression must be inherited to the next successor, that is, the target group that has been socialized with oppression. Consequently, oppression has become institutionalized and is difficult to be eliminated from universities.

In relation to the method above, Machiavelli (1513) states that:

“WHENEVER those states which have been acquired as stated have been accustomed to live under their own laws and in freedom, there are three courses for those who wish to hold them: the first is to ruin them, the next is to reside there in person, the third is to permit them to live under their own laws, drawing a tribute, and establishing within it an oligarchy which will keep it friendly to you. Because such a government, being created by the prince, knows that it cannot stand without his friendship and interest, and does its utmost to support him; and therefore he who would keep a city accustomed to freedom will hold it more easily by the means of its own citizens than in any other way.”

Furthermore, Machiavelli’s theory also say:

“Princedoms are either hereditary, in which the sovereignty is derived through an ancient line of ancestor, or they are new.”

Obviously, new students in this context it’s totally different from citizens pointed out by Machiavelli. But a new student can be considered as a new state or community. According to Fairchild, community is stated as

“Sub group many of the characteristics of society, but on smaller scale, and with less existence and coordinated common interest. The community has more limited self- sufficiency than society but within those limits has closer relation and deeper sympathy.”

According to this statement, a senior student also have same characteristic with citizen in Machiavelli is approach. Thus, this theory is applicable to the process of application of power hierarchy to a new student in university which considered as “new state”.

III. FINDINGS

As has been mentioned in previous section, Twenty student of Machine Engineering Department has been selected, Indonesia University if Education from class of 2003, 2004, 2005 as the selected respondents because they experienced both as seniors (oppressor) and new students (oppressed). We choose Machine Engineering because the department has a strong tradition in oppression and is known as the hardest among other department in UPI in conducting hazing activities.

Based on the answer, most of them (80%), as new students, at first they were skeptic or negative to hazing activities because they don’t want to be oppress, since there are many people victimize by the hazing activities especially in Universities.

The new student has changed their perception to positive after they participate in hazing activities. Majority of the respondents (80%) answered that the hazing gave positive impact on their mental building as organization members.

Despite the hazing in machine engineering can be categorized cruel, a half of the respondents (50%) answered that they feel no problem at all. Thus, Machiavelli theory concerning to state conquer is true. The method of hazing by first is to give the new students a shock therapy, next is to set them as inferior group, the third to receive them as a part of community under oligarchy. Therefore, the majority of the positive responses clarify that the oppression is an effective method to build their character as the seniors intended to.

Then, to strengthen the assumption that oppression is institutionalized by tradition, the respondents were asked whether they intend change the given tradition, 60% of respondents answered that it doesn’t need to be changed since it is effective in acquiring respect from the new students, its in line with another Machiavelli theory that a ruler and his successors can maintain their throne in a state, which states that Princedom is inherited, in which a power to rule a state is derived from an ancestor to successors.

Based their answers, we consider harsh hazing activities a best way to create a new cadre in their organization.

IV. CONCLUSION

The result shows that hazing new student harshly as a form of oppression in universities, particularly in Machine Engineering department, Indonesia University of Education, is a succeed way to acquire respect from the new student. So it’s clear a Machiavelli theory about the three steps concerning to state conquer is true in a way to form a new students to be what seniors want to be.

Moreover, instituting hazing activity as tradition is an effective method to set oppression institutionalized. In accordance to Machiavelli theory that Princedom and his successor can maintain their power in a state and inherit it from ancient line of ancestor to successor and pass to the next successor. In this context a new students is a successors that being oppressed and they will pass to the next new student. With such harsh hazing activities which are continually perpetuated, the oppression is institutionalized in Machine Engineering department, UPI and it hard to be reduced.

V. COMMENT

Harsh hazing activities have become old fashioned today because of their negative excess to student. The new students tend to blow their revenge when they have turned to be seniors. The seniors tend to exploit their power over new students to bully them. Whereas, if we see more consciously, the negative excess in harsh hazing activities (oppression) has become a part of our daily reality, from ideology level to pragmatic level. As a matter of fact, unconsciously, oppression has become Indonesian culture related with power and passion to get or maintain the power.

Considering the above fact, the researcher believes that harsh hazing is unnecessary because it is not the only way to be better individual. It would be better to change it into soft, such as make a training concerning to self development and tour around the campus for new students.

REFRENCES

1. Milliardo. 2003. Ospek Ajang Ekspresi Impulsi Kekerasan, Jati Diri Praksis Pendidikan. Accesed on June 28^th 2007. Available at: http://cdc.eng.ui.ac.id/index.php/article/articleview/1115/1/26

2. Sherover-Marcuse, Ricky. 2000. Liberation Theory: A Working Framework. Accessed on June 3^rd 2007. Available at: http://www.unlearningracism.org/writings/lib_theory.htm

3. The World’s Great Classics: Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince, New York: Grolier

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